General Anatomy: Radiology

Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays on November 8, 1895, while studying electron beams passing through a vacuum.

X-rays belong to the electromagnetic spectrum, similar to ultraviolet and infrared rays.

Dense materials like bones absorb X-rays more than soft tissues.

X-rays have a shorter wavelength, giving them high penetration power.

Radiolucent structures, like air-filled spaces, allow X-rays to pass through easily.

Bones, due to their calcium content, absorb X-rays and appear white on radiographs.

An X-ray image is known as a skiagram or radiograph.

Repeated X-ray exposure can cause burns, tumors, and genetic mutations.

Chest X-rays are usually taken in PA view to reduce heart shadow distortion.

Barium sulfate is a radiopaque contrast medium used for gastrointestinal imaging.

MRI does not use ionizing radiation, making it safer than X-rays.

Ultrasound imaging uses high-frequency sound waves to create images.

CAT scanning provides cross-sectional images of the body using X-rays and computer processing.

Fluoroscopy allows real-time imaging of moving organs like the lungs and intestines.

CT scanning provides detailed images of brain structures to diagnose disorders like tumors and strokes.

Iodine-based contrast media enhance visibility of vascular and urinary systems in X-ray imaging.

Interventional radiology includes procedures like catheterization, embolization, and biopsy.

Ultrasound is widely used in obstetrics for fetal imaging.

X-rays pass from front to back